- Correlation Between Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression and HuR Cytoplasmic Translocation of Breast Cancer.
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Sung Im Do, In Gu Do, Gou Young Kim, Sun Lee, Youn Wha Kim, Yong Koo Park, Juhie Lee, Sung Jig Lim
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Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(2):75-80.
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- BACKGROUND
Embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV)-like protein HuR is known to stabilize mRNA through binding AU-rich elements in the 3'-untranslated region. Recent studies show that HuR expression is associated with the expression of several genes including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). HuR exists predominantly in the nucleus, but cytoplasmic translocation of HuR is thought to be more important for its activity. COX-2 is a well-known enzyme that promotes tumor growth.
METHODS
To evaluate the correlation of HuR and COX-2 expression, we analyzed expression of HuR and COX-2 in 91 cases of breast cancer using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
Nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of HuR was seen in 76 (83.5%) and 19 (20.9%) of 91 cases respectively. COX-2 immunoreactivity was seen in 54 (59.4%) cases. Cytoplasmic HuR expression showed significant correlation with COX-2 expression (p=0.001). Nuclear HuR showed no correlation with COX-2 expression or other clinicopathological parameters.
COX-2 expression is significantly associated with tumor grade (p=0.028). COX-2 (p=0.092) and cytoplasmic (p=0.569) and nuclear HuR (p=0.247) expression showed no correlation with survival.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that cytoplasmic HuR expression is associated with COX-2 expression in breast cancer and cytoplasmic location of HuR might contribute to the stabilization of COX-2 mRNA.
- A Multiinstitutional Consensus Study on the Pathologic Diagnosis of Endometrial Hyperplasia and Carcinoma.
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Kwang Sun Suh, Insun Kim, Moon Hyang Park, Geung Hwan Ahn, Jin Hee Sohn, In Ae Park, Hye Kyoung Yoon, Kyu Rae Kim, Hee Jung An, Dong Won Kim, Mi Jin Kim, Hee Jae Joo, Eun Kyung Kim, Young Hee Choi, Chong Woo Yoo, Kyung Un Choi, Sang Yeop Yi, Hye Sun Kim, Sung Ran Hong, Hee Jeong Lee, Sun Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(2):87-93.
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to examine the reproducibility of both the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) or adenocarcinoma, and the histologic grading (HG) of endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EC).
METHODS
Ninety-three cases of EH or adenocarcinomas were reviewed independently by 21 pathologists of the Gynecologic Pathology Study Group. A consensus diagnosis was defined as agreement among more than two thirds of the 21 pathologists.
RESULTS
There was no agreement on the diagnosis in 13 cases (14.0%). According to the consensus review, six of the 11 EH cases (54.5%) were diagnosed as EH, 48 of the 57 EC cases (84.2%) were EC, and 5 of the 6 serous carcinomas (SC) (83.3%) were SC. There was no consensus for the 6 atypical EH (AEH) cases. On the HG of EC, there was no agreement in 2 cases (3.5%). According to the consensus review, 30 of the 33 G1 cases (90.9%) were G1, 11 of the 18 G2 cases (61.1%) were G2, and 4 of the 4 G3 cases (100.0%) were G3.
CONCLUSIONS
The consensus study showed high agreement for both EC and SC, but there was no consensus for AEH. The reproducibility for the HG of G2 was poor. We suggest that simplification of the classification of EH and a two-tiered grading system for EC will be necessary.
- Diagnostic Value of Urine Cytology in 236 cases; a Comparison of Liquid-Based Preparation and Conventional Cytospin Method.
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Sun Lee, Jung Hee Park, Sung Im Do, Youn Wha Kim, Juhie Lee, Sung Gu Chang, Yong Koo Park
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Korean J Cytopathol. 2007;18(2):119-125.
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- Urine cytology is an important screening tool for urinary tract neoplasms. Liquid-based preparation methods, such as ThinPrep(R), have been introduced for non-gynecological samples. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of liquid-based preparations in urine cytology by comparing the results of the conventional Cytospin preparation method for the same samples. A total of 236 cases subject to urine cytology were enrolled in this study from January 2005 to December 2005. All cases were subjected to cystoscopy and if a malignancy was suspected, a biopsy was performed. Urine cytology slides were made using the ThinPrep(R) preparation method and the conventional Cytospin and/or direct smear method from the individual samples. The results of urine cytology were compared with the final cystoscopic or histological diagnoses. We analyzed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of both cytology preparation methods. A total of 236 slides made using the liquid based method were satisfactory for slide quality, whereas 5 slides (2.1%) prepared by conventional methods were unsatisfactory because of air-drying, a thick smear, or a bloody or inflammatory background. The ThinPrep(R) method showed 53.1% sensitivity, 92.6% specificity, a 92.6% positive predictive value, a 94.1% negative predictive value and 85.6% accuracy, while the conventional method showed 51% sensitivity, 98.4% specificity, a 92.6% positive predictive value, a 98.4% negative predictive value and 88.6% accuracy. Although the diagnostic values were equivalent between the use of the two methods, the quality of the cytology slides and the time consumed during the microscopic examination for a diagnosis were superior for the ThinPrep(R) method than for the conventional method. In conclusion, our limited studies have shown that the use of the liquid based preparation method is beneficial to improve the quality of slides and reduce the duration for a microscopic examination, but did not show better sensitivity, accuracy and predictive values.
- Well Differentiated Papillary Mesothelioma of the Ovarian Surface: A Case Report.
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Hwa Eun Oh, Ji Sun Song, Ki Young Ryu, Sun Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(4):311-313.
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- Well differentiated papillary mesothelioma (WDPM) is an unusual variant of epithelial mesothelioma. Most WDPMs exhibit either benign or indolent behavior. Making the differential diagnosis between this rare tumor and serous papillary carcinoma can be problematic. We report here on a case of a 43-year-old woman with a WDPM of the surface. She presented to our hospital for a routine gynecologic evaluation, and she had no specific symptoms or a history of asbestos exposure. Gynecologic ultrasonography revealed a right ovarian mass that measured 6 x 3.8 x 3 cm in size. No ascites was detected. Right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed; grossly, the tumor was a yellowish firm, multinodular mass. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of numerous papillae that were lined by a single layer of uniform mesothelial cells. Nuclear pleomorphism and mitoses were not found. On immunohistochemical study, the tumor cells were positive for calretinin and cytokeratin, but they were negative for CEA. It is important to differentiate WDPM from serous papillary carcinoma or other malignant tumors to avoid treating them as malignant tumors.
- Expression of Cytokeratin 7 and 20 According to The Anatomical Location of Colon Cancer and The Differential Diagnosis with Cholangiocarcinoma.
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Yoon Kyung Jeon, Sun Lee, Byoung Kwon Kim, Woo Ho Kim, Gyeong Hoon Kang
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Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(3):146-153.
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Colonic adenocarcinoma usually shows CK7 negativity and CK20 positivity, which helps to differentiate it from cholangiocarcinoma usually showing a reverse immunohistochemical profile. We immunohistochemically investigated the pattern of CK7 and 20 expressions according to the anatomical location of colon cancer to refine the usefulness of CK expression in differential diagnosis.
METHODS
Immunohistochemical staining was done on 90 cases of surgically resected colon cancers and 84 cases of cholangiocarcinomas.
RESULTS
When the cases of colon cancer were divided into CATD (from the cecum to the descending colon) (32), sigmoid (26), and rectum (32), the positivity of CK7 was 41%, 15% and 28%, respectively, and the negativity of CK20 was 25%, 0 and 9% (p=0.013), respectively. In sigmoid colon cancers, 22 cases (85%) exhibited CK7-/CK20+ immunophenotype. However, the percentage decreased to 63% in the rectum and 47% in CATD. The CK7+/CK20- immunophenotype was found only in cancers in the cecum and ascending colon. The expression of CK7 was related to histologic differentiation (p=0.017).
CONCLUSIONS
The aberrant expressions of CKs were frequent in cancers of the rectum and ascending colon which are located in the transition site from the anus and small bowel, respectively. If adenocarcinoma in the liver were CK7+/CK20+ or CK7-/CK20-, the possibility of metastatic adenocarcinoma from CATD and rectum should be considered.
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Cytology and Ultrastructural Findings in a Patient with Amiodarone-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity: A Case Report.
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Sun Lee, Min A Kim, Young Soo Shim, Chun Taek Lee, Je G Chi, Doo Hyun Chung
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Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(3):175-178.
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- Amiodarone is a potent antiarrhythmic agent and can cause potentially life-threatening pulmonary fibrosis. Of the numerous side effects associated with amiodarone therapy, lugn toxicity is one of the most serious adverse reactions.
Recently, we experienced a case of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity (APT), which induced severe dyspnea and productive coughing, confirmed by cytologic and electron microscopic examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).
The symptoms and abnormalities in the chest X-ray were improved after the withdrawal of amiodarone. Cytologic examination of the BAL revealed numerous foam cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles or small particles. Ultrastructurally, the foam cells demonstrated characteristic lysosomal inclusions, which were electron-dense multilamellated bodies, crystalloid bodies, and mixed forms with small lipid vacuoles. It is strongly suggested that only cytologic and electron microscopic examination of the BAL without open lung biopsy is enough for diagnosis of APT, when APT is clinically suspected in a patient who has a history or ingestation of amiodarone.
- Expression of Cytokeratin 1, 10 and 14 in Fetal Skin.
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Kye Yong Song, Sun Lee, Dong Hye Suh, Mi Kyung Kim, Hye Jung Min, Je G Chi
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Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(3):226-231.
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- BACKGROUND
During the fetal stage, the epidermis and adnexal epithelium might express different types of cytokeratin (CK) by developmental stages. The objective of this study is to observe the expressions of CK1, CK10 and CK14 in the skin of human fetuses.
METHODS
Immunohistochemical stains were applied to the skin of 42 fetuses ranging from 10 to 36 gestation weeks. Three different portions of the body (i.e., scalp, chest and sole) were sampled. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies against CK1, 10, 14 were done.
RESULTS
We found that CK14 was expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis and adnexae of fetuses beween 10 to 36 gestation weeks. However, stronger expression in the middle than the basal layer was noted in the soles of 15-week fetuses followed by exclusive basal expression. The sebaceous gland, the outer root sheath of the hair follicle and the eccrine duct epithelium also showed CK14 expressions, while CK14 was negative in hair germ and acini.
Both CK1 and CK10 were expressed in the epidermis of fetuses ranging between 10 to 36 gestation weeks at the suprabasal layer of the scalp, chest and sole; while they were negative in the basal layer and skin adnexae including sebaceous, hair and eccrine gland.
CONCLUSIONS
Expression of cytokeratins in the fetal skin were noted at 10 weeks throughout the entire gestation period and were similar in the three different sites, except in the early stage of the sole. The main expression sites of K14 were the basal layer of the epidermis, the eccrine ducts and the outer root sheath cells of hair, suggesting the same origin, while those of K1 and K10 were in the suprabasal layer of epidermis.
- A Sialoblastoma Associated with a Hepatoblastoma: An autopsy case report.
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Sun Lee, Youn Wha Kim, Jae Hoon Park, Yong Koo Park, Ju hie Lee, Moon Ho Yang
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Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(11):1222-1226.
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Abstract
- Sialoblastoma is defined as a rare, congenital or perinatal, aggressive and potentially low-grade malignant, basaloid gland neoplasm that occurs in the major salivary glands. We report a case of a congenital sialoblastoma in the left parotid gland, associated with a hepatoblastoma in a female infant. At birth, a huge mass in the left neck and hepatomegaly were noted. Grossly, the neck mass was well-circumscribed, lobulated and gray tan. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of basaloid aggregates of primitive uniform cells with focal ductal differentiation. The liver showed a well-circumscribed gray tan tumor with extensive hemorrhage and cystic change. Microscopically, the liver revealed characteristic findings of hepatoblastoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of coexistence of a congenital sialoblastoma and a hepatoblastoma, reported in the literature.
- Pleural Effusion Cytology of the Metastatic Sex Cord Tumor With Annular Tubules.
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Sun Lee, Ju Hie Lee, Youn Wha Kim, Yong Koo Park, Hak Soon Chang, Moon Ho Yang
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1997;8(2):190-193.
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- The sex cord tumor with annular tubules(SCTAT) is a rare ovarian neoplasm, which charateristically shows simple and complex annular tubules with central acidophilic hyaline bodies. This tumor has been considered as a tumor of low-grade malignancy with late recurrence. We presented a brief case report of metastatic SCTAT of ovary in pleural fluid from ovary with cytopathologic and clinical features.
The cytologic features of differential diagnosis are discussed.
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